Thank you for your reply.
I tried:
^/人体穴位蛙.html /w/新页面 permanent;
But it did not work. ( I did not covert the file to ASCII mode, It is UTF8)

My nginx configuration file was saved in UTF8 encoding. The name of the old page file is a unescaped form of "人体穴位图.html" in GBK encoding. I converted my old website system from GBK encoding to a new UTF8 encoding one, and I use a new location /w/新页面 to replace the old "/%C8%CB%CC%E5%D1%A8%CE%BB%CD%BC.html".

Here is the related part of my conf file:
server {
...
charset utf-8;
source_charset utf-8;
...
location ~ .html$ {
rewrite ^/%C8%CB%CC%E5%D1%A8%CE%BB%CD%BC.html /w/新页面 permanent;
}
}

What words will "/%C8%CB%CC%E5%D1%A8%CE%BB%CD%BC.html" be translated by nginx? How can I catch the path and rewrite it to the new location?

If I covert my nginx conf file to ASCII encoding, will my new site system (in UTF8 encoding) still work?